Sealers for Limestone Floors: Essential Guide for UK Homes

Your Comprehensive Guide to Selecting the Ideal Sealers for Limestone Flooring in the UK

• Understanding the Essential Role of Sealers for Protecting Limestone Floors: This article emphasises the crucial role of sealants in safeguarding limestone floors from stains, moisture, and everyday wear, thus ensuring their durability and visual appeal over time.
• A Detailed Exploration of the Various Types of Sealers Available: This section delves into the different categories of sealers, such as penetrating and surface sealers, detailing their distinct advantages and disadvantages for various applications.
• Evaluating the Impact of the UK Climate on Limestone Floor Maintenance: An in-depth analysis of how the weather patterns in the UK affect the upkeep and selection of appropriate sealers for limestone flooring.
• Proven Strategies for the Successful Application of Sealers: A comprehensive guide outlining the best practices for applying sealers to ensure enduring protection and optimal performance.
• Recognising and Preventing Common Mistakes in Sealing Limestone Floors: This section identifies typical errors to avoid when sealing limestone floors to guarantee the best possible outcomes.
• Highly Recommended Sealer Brands for Maximum Protection: A curated list of reputable brands that are widely endorsed across the UK for their effectiveness in sealing limestone surfaces.

Essential Maintenance Tips: Provides practical advice for maintaining sealed limestone floors in peak condition.

Consulting with Professionals: Encourages seeking expert guidance for achieving the best sealing results.

Key Considerations for Selecting Limestone Flooring

Exploring the Porosity of Limestone and Its Influence on Flooring Choices

Discovering the Diverse Range of Limestone Varieties Available in the UK

The UK boasts a rich array of limestone types, each exhibiting unique characteristics and aesthetic attributes. Notable examples include Portland limestone, Magnesian limestone, and Cotswold limestone, each requiring specific sealants to ensure optimal protection. Portland limestone, distinguished by its light hue and fine grain, is often selected for prestigious residential and commercial projects. While it is inherently robust, it still necessitates a dependable sealer to guard against marks from day-to-day activities. Magnesian limestone, with its darker tones, is more susceptible to damage from weather conditions, requiring a sealer tailored for the UK’s humid climate.

Cotswold limestone, renowned for its warm tones and rustic charm, is a popular choice among homeowners. Yet, this variety is particularly prone to efflorescence, which manifests as white, powdery deposits when moisture escapes from the stone. Therefore, when selecting sealants for limestone floors, it is crucial for homeowners to consider the distinct properties of the limestone and the environmental conditions it endures. Sealants with anti-efflorescence properties, specifically designed for Cotswold limestone, can help maintain its natural allure while delivering essential protection against deterioration.

By gaining a thorough understanding of the different limestone varieties found in the UK and their unique sealing requirements, homeowners can make informed decisions that ensure lasting protection and aesthetic value. Consulting with flooring professionals or local suppliers can significantly enhance the decision-making process.

Assessing How UK Environmental Conditions Affect Limestone Floors

The environmental factors in the UK profoundly influence the maintenance and preservation of limestone floors. Elements such as rainfall, humidity, and temperature fluctuations can significantly impact the effectiveness of both the limestone and the sealants used. For instance, in areas with high annual rainfall, such as the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales, the limestone’s capacity to absorb water increases the likelihood of staining and structural damage if not adequately treated with a sealer. Conversely, regions with drier climates may not face the same challenges, but temperature variances can still affect the durability of limestone flooring.

The UK’s climate can also result in varying degrees of wear and tear on limestone floors, particularly in outdoor settings. The freeze-thaw cycles that occur during colder months can lead to cracking in the limestone, making it essential to choose a flexible and durable sealer. It is vital to consider these environmental factors when selecting sealants for limestone floors, ensuring they can withstand local conditions while offering optimal protection.

In addition to applying sealants, ongoing maintenance tailored to the UK’s unique weather patterns, such as regular cleaning during damp periods, can significantly prolong the lifespan of limestone flooring. Homeowners should consistently monitor their limestone floors and carry out regular inspections to identify any signs of damage, ensuring that the chosen sealer remains effective over time.

Proven Maintenance Strategies for Limestone Floors in the UK

Maintaining limestone floors in the UK requires a strategic approach that takes into account both the stone's inherent characteristics and the environmental factors at play. Regular cleaning is crucial, as dirt and debris can become embedded in the porous surface, leading to discolouration and potential damage with time. It is advisable to utilise pH-neutral cleaners specifically formulated for limestone to avoid etching the surface. In high-traffic areas, such as hallways and kitchens, more frequent cleaning may be necessary to uphold the floor's pristine appearance.

Moreover, the effectiveness of sealers diminishes over time, necessitating periodic reapplication to ensure continuous protection. The reapplication frequency depends on the type of sealer used and the specific limestone variety. For instance, penetrating sealers typically enjoy a longer lifespan than topical sealers, which may wear down more quickly in busy environments. Homeowners should adhere to product guidelines and conduct thorough inspections to ascertain the optimal timing for reapplication.

In the UK, being attuned to the seasonal changes affecting limestone is equally vital. For example, during the wet winter months, moisture can hasten the deterioration of an unsealed floor. Therefore, implementing a proactive maintenance strategy that encompasses regular cleaning, timely reapplication of sealers, and seasonal inspections can significantly extend the life and aesthetic value of limestone flooring.

Thorough Analysis of the Different Types of Sealers Available in the UK

The Advantages of Using Penetrating Sealers for Limestone Flooring

Penetrating sealers are highly esteemed across the UK for their remarkable ability to shield limestone floors from staining while preserving the stone’s natural visual appeal. These sealants seep deep into the limestone’s porous structure, establishing a barrier against liquids without forming a film on the surface. Consequently, they effectively repel water, oil, and other contaminants, ensuring the stone’s beauty remains unblemished while preventing long-term damage.

A key benefit of penetrating sealers is their durability. They withstand wear from foot traffic, with many formulations lasting several years before requiring reapplication. This longevity makes them especially suitable for both residential and commercial properties, particularly in areas subjected to heavy use. Importantly, penetrating sealers also allow the limestone to breathe, preventing moisture from being trapped within the stone, which is crucial given the often damp climate of the UK.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, it is vital to explore the array of product formulations available in the UK. Numerous manufacturers provide penetrating sealers specifically engineered for limestone, ensuring optimal protection while enhancing the stone’s aesthetic charm. Reviews and recommendations from local suppliers can guide homeowners in choosing the most effective product for their particular needs.

Topical Sealers: Boosting the Aesthetic Appeal of Limestone Floors

Topical sealers are another popular option in the UK for safeguarding limestone floors. Unlike penetrating sealers, topical sealers create a protective film on the stone’s surface, serving as a barrier against dirt, stains, and moisture. These are particularly favoured in residential settings where visual aesthetics are paramount, as they can enhance the colour and shine of the limestone.

While topical sealers provide an attractive finish, they may necessitate more maintenance than their penetrating counterparts. Over time, the film can wear away due to foot traffic and cleaning, requiring periodic reapplication to maintain protective qualities. Homeowners should also be cautious, as topical sealers may alter the surface texture of the limestone, potentially making it more slippery when wet—an important consideration for spaces like kitchens and bathrooms.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors in the UK, evaluating the specific requirements of the space is crucial. For instance, a topical sealer might be ideal for a residential living area, where aesthetics take precedence. Conversely, a penetrating sealer may be more fitting for high-traffic or outdoor areas, where slip resistance and durability are paramount.

Enhancing Sealers: Merging Aesthetic Appeal with Functional Protection

Enhancing sealers serve a distinct purpose in the protection of limestone flooring, particularly in the UK. These sealers are designed to both protect the stone and accentuate its natural colour and texture, allowing the limestone's beauty to shine in ways that other sealers may not achieve. Given the UK’s diverse landscape, many homeowners wish to highlight the inherent elegance of their limestone floors, particularly those sourced from local quarries.

Enhancing sealers can add depth and vibrancy to the stone, showcasing its unique patterns and characteristics. This aesthetic enhancement can be particularly appealing in areas where limestone is a focal point, such as grand hallways or stylish kitchens. However, it is essential to recognise that while these sealers enhance appearance, they may not provide the same level of stain resistance as other types, necessitating careful consideration of the specific needs of the area.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, homeowners should weigh aesthetic benefits against practical protection needs. A trade-off may be necessary in high-traffic zones to preserve the limestone’s beauty while safeguarding it from potential damage. Consulting with professionals familiar with local climate conditions can assist in making well-informed choices.

Impregnating Sealers: Superior Protection for Limestone Flooring

Impregnating sealers represent a robust option for safeguarding limestone floors in the UK, particularly in areas prone to moisture and staining. These sealers penetrate the stone's surface, establishing a barrier that repels both water and oil-based stains while allowing the limestone to breathe. This feature is particularly beneficial in the UK, where high humidity and rainfall can pose significant challenges for unsealed limestone.

The primary benefit of impregnating sealers is their long-lasting protection. They can remain effective for several years, even in high-traffic areas, making them a preferred choice for both residential and commercial settings. Furthermore, the limestone's natural appearance remains intact, allowing its inherent beauty to shine through without the gloss or film that topical sealers may impose.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, it is crucial to consider the specific environmental conditions of the area. Impregnating sealers provide homeowners with reassurance, ensuring their floors are shielded against the typical wear and tear encountered in the UK. Regular maintenance and inspections will help verify that the sealer remains effective over time, protecting against potential damage.

Guidelines for Selecting the Ideal Sealer for UK Conditions

Assessing the Condition of Your Limestone Prior to Sealing

Before selecting a sealer for limestone floors, undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the stone’s condition is vital. Factors such as age, existing damage, and porosity significantly influence the most appropriate sealer choice. Older limestone may show cracks or surface wear that could hinder the efficacy of certain sealers. Thus, a thorough inspection is necessary to identify these issues and guide the sealer selection process.

For instance, if the limestone exhibits significant wear or damage, a penetrating sealer may be more advantageous as it can fill minor cracks and provide deeper protection. Conversely, if the limestone is relatively new and well-maintained, a topical sealer could enhance its appearance while safeguarding against stains and moisture.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, seeking professional assistance for an accurate assessment can be beneficial. Many local flooring specialists in the UK can provide valuable insights into the specific condition of limestone and recommend suitable sealing solutions tailored to the unique needs of your flooring.

Factoring in the UK Climate When Choosing Sealers

The UK climate presents particular challenges for limestone flooring, making climate considerations essential when selecting a sealer. The country experiences a temperate maritime climate, characterised by wet winters and mild summers, which can lead to increased moisture levels and potential damage to unsealed limestone. Thus, it is crucial to choose a sealer capable of withstanding these environmental conditions.

For instance, in regions that experience heavy rainfall, such as the West Midlands or parts of Scotland, a penetrating sealer that allows breathability while preventing water ingress may be the most suitable option. Allowing the stone to breathe ensures that moisture can escape, reducing the risk of efflorescence and other moisture-related issues. Conversely, areas with less rainfall may offer more flexible options, including topical sealers that can enhance the stone’s appearance without compromising its integrity.

Understanding the local climate and its potential effects on limestone is critical when selecting sealers for limestone floors. Homeowners should consider how seasonal variations might impact the performance of their chosen sealer, ensuring it remains effective throughout the year.

Evaluating Traffic Levels and Usage Patterns for Optimal Sealer Choice

The levels of foot traffic in a residential or commercial space should significantly inform the decision-making process when selecting a sealer for limestone floors. High-traffic areas, such as hallways, kitchens, and living rooms, require sealers designed to endure substantial wear while providing optimal protection against stains and moisture. In such instances, opting for a durable penetrating or impregnating sealer is often the best approach.

Conversely, low-traffic areas may allow for more flexibility in sealer selection. Homeowners might choose enhancing sealers that accentuate the natural beauty of the limestone without the same concerns for durability. Nevertheless, it remains essential to ensure that these sealers can still protect against spills and stains, particularly in spaces where food preparation or entertaining occurs.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, assessing the specific usage patterns of the area is imperative. Consulting with flooring professionals can provide additional insights into the best sealing options based on anticipated traffic levels, ensuring that the selected product can adequately safeguard the flooring.

Comprehending the Variety of Sealers and Their Suitability

Gaining a clear understanding of the various sealers available for limestone floors is essential for homeowners to make informed decisions based on their specific needs. Each type of sealer, whether penetrating, topical, enhancing, or impregnating, presents distinct advantages and drawbacks, particularly concerning the conditions commonly encountered in the UK.

For example, penetrating sealers are often best suited for outdoor limestone or areas prone to spills, offering deep penetration without altering the stone’s natural appearance. Conversely, topical sealers may be ideal for indoor spaces where visual appeal is prioritised, although they may require more frequent reapplication.

Additionally, enhancing sealers can be particularly advantageous for homeowners looking to highlight the natural beauty of their limestone. However, they may not deliver the same level of stain resistance as other options. Therefore, understanding the specific conditions of your limestone and its intended use is critical when selecting sealers for limestone floors.

Engaging with local experts can also assist homeowners in navigating their options, ensuring they choose a sealer that is both effective and suitable for the unique characteristics of their limestone and its environment.

Essential Techniques for Applying Sealers to Limestone in the UK

Preparing Limestone Surfaces for Successful Sealer Application

Proper preparation of limestone surfaces is crucial for effective sealer application, especially in light of the unique climate conditions in the UK. Before any sealer is applied, it is essential to ensure that the limestone is clean, dry, and free from contaminants. This preparation process involves sweeping or vacuuming the area, followed by damp mopping with a pH-neutral cleaner specifically formulated for limestone.

If the limestone has been sealed previously, it is vital to remove any old sealer to facilitate proper adhesion of the new application. Cleaning may necessitate the use of a sealer stripper or professional-grade cleaning agents. In cases of significant staining or dirt buildup, specialised limestone restoration products may be required to achieve a clean surface ready for sealing.

Once the surface is thoroughly prepared, it must be completely dried, as moisture can adversely affect the adhesion and effectiveness of the sealer. Given the frequently humid conditions in the UK, monitoring weather patterns prior to application may be necessary to ensure optimal results. Homeowners should also consider testing a small, inconspicuous area of the limestone first to verify compatibility with the chosen sealer.

By dedicating time and effort to the preparation phase, homeowners can significantly enhance the longevity and effectiveness of their selected sealer, thereby protecting their limestone floors against the challenges posed by the UK environment.

Best Practices for Applying Sealers to Limestone Floors

Applying sealers to limestone floors involves several methods, each with its unique advantages and considerations. The most common techniques include rolling, brushing, and spraying. For most homeowners in the UK, using a roller is often the most efficient and effective method, particularly for larger areas. This technique promotes even coverage and minimises the risk of pooling or uneven application, which can undermine protection.

When using a brush, it is essential to select a quality synthetic bristle brush that is suitable for use with sealers. This method is beneficial for smaller spaces or around intricate edges and corners, ensuring that all surfaces receive adequate coverage. However, this approach can be more labour-intensive and time-consuming for larger areas.

Spraying is another popular option, especially for commercial applications or larger residential spaces. This method allows for quick and even application; however, it requires additional equipment and expertise to prevent overspray and ensure proper ventilation. Regardless of the chosen method, users should adhere to the manufacturer's instructions regarding the application process, including the recommended number of coats and drying times.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, homeowners should carefully consider their application method to achieve the optimal results, thus protecting their investment in high-quality flooring.

Understanding Sealer Drying and Curing Times in the UK

Understanding the drying and curing times of sealers specific to UK conditions is critical for achieving the best results. Generally, most sealers require a minimum of a few hours to dry before foot traffic is allowed, although this can vary considerably with humidity and temperature. In the UK, where humidity levels can fluctuate significantly, allowing extra time for curing is crucial, especially in areas with heightened moisture levels.

For instance, many impregnating sealers may require up to 24 hours to fully cure, during which time it is advisable to keep the area free from foot traffic and moisture. Topical sealers may have similar drying periods but can sometimes be sensitive to humidity, affecting their setting effectiveness.

Homeowners should also recognise that drying times can be significantly influenced by the time of year. Additional time may be required for sealers to cure effectively during the cooler and wetter months. Conversely, drying may occur more rapidly in warmer months, but precautions should still be undertaken to prevent premature exposure to cleaning or moisture.

By understanding and adhering to the recommended drying and curing times, homeowners can ensure that their limestone floors receive optimal protection, maximising the effectiveness of the chosen sealer for UK conditions.

Holistic Care Strategies for Sealed Limestone Floors in the UK

Implementing Consistent Cleaning Protocols for Limestone Floors

Maintaining sealed limestone floors in the UK requires a thoughtful approach to cleaning techniques. Regular cleaning is vital for preserving the stone’s appearance and protecting the integrity of the applied sealer. Homeowners should aim to sweep or vacuum their floors at least once a week to eliminate dust and debris that can scratch the surface.

In addition to routine sweeping, damp mopping with a pH-neutral cleaner specifically formulated for limestone is highly advisable. Avoiding acidic or abrasive cleaners is essential, as these can harm the stone and undermine the sealer, leading to unsightly stains and increased wear. It is also crucial to minimise water exposure, as prolonged contact can cause moisture to penetrate the stone, potentially compromising the underlying structure.

During winter, when grit and salt from the outdoors are often tracked inside, increased cleaning frequency may be necessary. Homeowners should also consider placing mats at entry points to lessen the amount of dirt and debris introduced onto the limestone. By adopting these cleaning practices, homeowners can maintain the beauty of their sealed limestone floors while ensuring that the sealer remains effective against stains and moisture.

Guidelines for Reapplying Sealers to Limestone Floors

Understanding when and how to reapply sealers is crucial for protecting limestone floors in the UK. The reapplication frequency can vary based on several factors, including the type of sealer used, the level of traffic on the flooring, and the specific environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature fluctuations.

For penetrating sealers, homeowners can generally expect to reapply every one to three years, depending on wear levels. In contrast, topical sealers may necessitate more frequent reapplication, often every six months to a year, as they are more vulnerable to wear from foot traffic and cleaning.

When reapplying sealers, it is essential to thoroughly clean and prepare the limestone surface to ensure proper adhesion. Users should adhere to the manufacturer's guidelines regarding the application process and drying times to achieve optimal outcomes. Additionally, maintaining a record of when the sealer was last applied can help ensure an effective maintenance schedule, guaranteeing that limestone floors remain protected throughout the year.

By proactively managing reapplication, homeowners can safeguard their investment and ensure that their limestone floors continue to exhibit beauty and perform well against the UK's variable climate.

Strategies for Effectively Addressing Stains and Spills on Limestone Floors

Effectively managing stains and spills on sealed limestone floors requires prompt action and appropriate techniques. Despite a sealant’s protective properties, limestone remains susceptible to staining from various substances, including oil, wine, and food. Upon encountering a spill, homeowners should act swiftly to minimise damage by blotting the area with a soft cloth, avoiding rubbing or scrubbing, which can worsen the stain.

For oil-based stains, it is advisable to use a commercial degreaser specifically formulated for limestone. Users should carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions and test a small, inconspicuous area first to ensure compatibility. In instances of stubborn stains, a poultice may be necessary. A poultice involves applying a thick paste of baking soda and water or specialised poultice powder to the stain, covering it with plastic wrap, and allowing it to sit for several hours or overnight. This method draws the stain out of the stone, resulting in a cleaner and less discoloured surface.

Homeowners should also be vigilant regarding the potential for efflorescence, a common issue in damp climates like the UK, where moisture may encourage the formation of white, powdery stains on the limestone’s surface. Regular cleaning and ensuring proper drainage can help mitigate this risk. If efflorescence does occur, a solution of water and vinegar can often assist in removing the buildup. However, it is vital to rinse thoroughly and follow up with a pH-neutral cleaner to prevent damage.

By adopting proactive cleaning habits and promptly addressing spills, homeowners can preserve the aesthetic and structural integrity of their sealed limestone floors, ensuring they remain a stunning feature of their homes for years to come.

Where to Find Quality Sealers for Limestone Floors in the UK

Exploring Local Hardware Stores for Quality Sealers

Local hardware stores throughout the UK provide a diverse selection of sealers suitable for limestone floors. These establishments often carry products from reputable brands, allowing homeowners to consult knowledgeable staff for guidance on the best options for their particular limestone type and conditions. By visiting a local store, customers can assess the quality of sealers firsthand and pose questions to ensure they make well-informed choices.

Many hardware stores also offer samples or testers, allowing homeowners to test a small amount of the product on their limestone prior to purchase. This can be particularly useful in assessing the sealer’s compatibility with the specific limestone and its effectiveness under local environmental conditions. Furthermore, local shops may provide additional products and tools required for practical sealer application, serving as a one-stop shop for all limestone maintenance needs.

When selecting sealers for limestone floors, supporting local businesses can also strengthen community ties and contribute to the local economy, making it a rewarding choice beyond mere product acquisition.

Visiting Specialty Flooring Stores for Expert Guidance

Specialty flooring shops in the UK offer an excellent resource for homeowners seeking expert advice and an extensive range of limestone floor sealers. These retailers typically focus solely on flooring materials and maintenance products, allowing them to provide specialised knowledge that can greatly assist customers. Staff members at these shops are often well-versed in the specifics of various sealers, enabling them to offer tailored recommendations based on the unique characteristics of different limestone types and local environmental conditions.

In addition to offering a broader selection of high-quality sealers, specialty shops may also stock complementary products such as cleaners, maintenance kits, and tools specifically designed for limestone care. This comprehensive approach simplifies the purchasing process, ensuring homeowners have everything needed to maintain their limestone floors effectively.

Moreover, many specialty flooring stores may conduct workshops, demonstrations, or one-on-one consultations, providing homeowners with valuable insights into the best practices for sealing and caring for their limestone floors. By leveraging these expert resources, customers can feel confident in their purchasing decisions and ensure they select the most effective sealing solutions for their requirements.

Utilising Online Retailers for Convenient Sealer Purchases

The growth of online shopping has transformed how homeowners can obtain sealers for limestone floors in the UK. Numerous online retailers now offer a broad range of sealing products, making it easier than ever to find the right solutions from the comfort of one’s home. Shopping online enables customers to compare products, read reviews, and access comprehensive product details that can aid in their decision-making process.

Many online retailers also offer the convenience of home delivery, which can be particularly beneficial for larger orders or for those who may have difficulty transporting heavy items. Additionally, online platforms frequently provide competitive pricing and occasional discounts, making it a cost-effective option for homeowners looking to save on sealing expenses.

However, it is crucial to ensure that the online retailer is reputable and offers quality products. Researching customer reviews and seeking out retailers with a strong track record can help mitigate the risks associated with online shopping. When selecting sealers for limestone floors, the online shopping experience can enhance convenience while providing access to a wider range of products than may be available at local retailers.

Common Queries Regarding Limestone Sealers

The Benefits of Sealing Limestone Floors

Sealing limestone floors offers protection against stains, moisture, and deterioration, thereby extending the lifespan of the flooring while enhancing its natural beauty.

Recommended Frequency for Resealing Limestone Floors

The frequency of reapplication varies based on the type of sealer used and traffic levels; typically, penetrating sealers last between 1-3 years, while topical sealers may need reapplication every 6-12 months.

Can Any Cleaner Be Used on Sealed Limestone Floors?

No, it is imperative to use a pH-neutral cleaner specifically formulated for limestone to avoid damaging the surface and compromising the sealer.

What Steps Should I Take if My Limestone Floor Becomes Stained?

Immediately blot the stain with a soft cloth, then utilise appropriate cleaning products or poultice methods to treat the stain without harming the limestone.

Are Topical Sealers Suitable for High-Traffic Areas?

Topical sealers can provide a protective layer but may require more frequent reapplication in high-traffic areas to maintain their effectiveness and appearance.

How Can I Determine if My Limestone Needs Resealing?

If water no longer beads on the surface or stains penetrate the stone easily, it may be time to consider resealing your limestone floors.

Is Hiring a Professional Necessary for Sealing Limestone Floors?

While DIY sealing is possible, hiring a professional can ensure proper application techniques and optimal results, especially for larger or more intricate areas.

What Makes Penetrating Sealers Ideal for Outdoor Limestone?

Penetrating sealers allow the limestone to breathe while providing deep protection against moisture and stains, making them suitable for outdoor conditions in the UK.

Can I Enhance the Colour of My Limestone?

Yes, enhancers can accentuate the natural colour and beauty of limestone while providing protection, making them a popular choice for aesthetic improvement.

Where Can I Purchase Limestone Sealers in the UK?

Limestone sealers are available at local hardware stores, specialty flooring shops, and online retailers, providing a variety of purchasing options.

The article Choosing Sealers for Limestone Floors: A UK Guide was first published on https://london-stone.co.uk