Hydration Tips for Ski Training Athletes

Enhancing Ski Training Performance Through Strategic Hydration Techniques

Understanding the Essential Advantages of Proper Hydration for Skiers

Hydration is a vital aspect of ski training that goes beyond mere recommendation; it is a core necessity for enhancing athletic performance and overall health. As skiers traverse varied landscapes and engage in high-intensity activities, their bodies rely heavily on sufficient fluid intake to function optimally. Maintaining adequate hydration is critical for maximising performance, as it enables muscles to operate efficiently, which is particularly important when executing intricate skiing techniques. Furthermore, remaining well-hydrated is indispensable for preventing fatigue. A well-hydrated body sustains higher energy levels, which are crucial for enduring extended skiing sessions, often lasting several hours.

In addition to enhancing performance and endurance, hydration plays a pivotal role in recovery processes. After intense training, the body needs to replenish lost fluids to aid muscle repair and minimise soreness. Inadequate hydration can hinder recovery, leaving athletes feeling lethargic and potentially disrupting their training schedules. Ski training frequently occurs in diverse and sometimes extreme climates, from the rugged Rocky Mountains to the majestic Alps, where fluctuating weather conditions can significantly impact the body’s hydration levels in often overlooked ways.

Thus, whether you are racing down the slopes amidst the breathtaking views of Canada or honing your skills in the stunning French Alps, it is essential to recognise that proper hydration is the cornerstone of skiing success.

The Detrimental Effects of Dehydration on Skiing Performance

Dehydration acts as an insidious adversary that skiers must actively guard against. It can result in a multitude of negative effects, including diminished endurance and an increased risk of muscle cramps. As the body loses fluids, blood viscosity can thicken, making it increasingly difficult for the heart to pump blood efficiently. This condition can impede oxygen delivery to the muscles, leading to exhaustion and a significant decline in performance levels.

Moreover, the repercussions of dehydration extend to an increased likelihood of injuries while skiing. A dehydrated skier may suffer from impaired coordination, slower reaction times, and compromised decision-making skills. Whether the consequence is a minor slip or a more serious accident, dehydration can transform an enjoyable day on the slopes into a perilous experience. Common signs of dehydration include dry mouth, extreme fatigue, and dizziness, all of which can severely impact a skier's ability to perform at their best.

The dangers associated with dehydration can be particularly pronounced in various skiing locations around the globe. For example, skiing at high altitudes in the Andes or the Himalayas can exacerbate the effects of dehydration due to lower oxygen levels and increased fluid loss. Therefore, cultivating a strong awareness of hydration and implementing proactive hydration strategies is essential for skiers across all skill levels.

Identifying the Signs of Sufficient Hydration for Skiers

How can skiers effectively assess their hydration status? One of the most straightforward indicators is the colour of urine. Clear or light yellow urine typically signifies adequate hydration, whereas darker urine often suggests a need for increased fluid intake. Additionally, the sensation of thirst should not be ignored; experiencing thirst is a clear indicator that the body is already in a mild state of dehydration.

Another encouraging sign of adequate hydration is maintaining consistent energy levels and focus throughout training sessions. Skiers who are properly hydrated are less likely to experience fatigue or distraction, enabling them to concentrate more effectively on their technique and overall performance.

Monitoring hydration levels is especially crucial for skiers training in regions with variable conditions. For instance, skiing in the crisp, invigorating air of the Swiss Alps can mislead; the cold environment may suppress thirst, causing many to underestimate their fluid needs. Skiers should adopt the practice of routinely assessing their hydration status throughout the day to ensure they are performing at peak levels.

Implementing Hydration Strategies Tailored for Skiers

Establishing effective hydration strategies requires thoughtful planning. For skiers, this encompasses creating a routine of consistently drinking water throughout the day, employing electrolyte beverages, and diligently monitoring hydration levels before, during, and after skiing sessions. Formulating a structured schedule for fluid intake can seamlessly integrate hydration into the daily training regimen.

Beginning the day with proper hydration is of utmost importance. Consuming water or sports drinks two to three hours before hitting the slopes lays a solid foundation for the day's activities. During skiing sessions, it is equally critical to take regular breaks for hydration. Many skiers underestimate their fluid loss in cold weather, which can lead to dehydration by day’s end.

Post-training rehydration is equally significant. Drinking fluids immediately after skiing not only aids in recovery but also prepares the body for subsequent training sessions. Electrolyte drinks can be particularly advantageous at this stage, assisting in replenishing fluids and essential minerals lost through sweat. By embracing these hydration strategies, skiers can maintain optimal hydration levels, ensuring peak performance and safety throughout their training.

Comprehensive Hydration Strategies for Achieving Peak Skiing Performance

Pre-Training Hydration Techniques Every Skier Should Embrace

The foundation for a successful day on the slopes is laid well before the first run. Pre-training hydration is crucial for establishing the right baseline for your skiing activities. Drinking water or sports drinks two to three hours prior to skiing ensures that the body is sufficiently hydrated. This step becomes particularly critical in high-altitude locations, where the thinner air can accelerate fluid loss due to increased breathing rates.

Incorporating an electrolyte-rich beverage can significantly enhance hydration. Electrolytes such as sodium and potassium assist in fluid retention, providing a longer-lasting effect compared to water alone. Warm sports drinks can also make hydration more appealing and enjoyable for skiers training in colder climates. Many athletes overlook this critical aspect of their training routine; neglecting pre-training hydration can result in performance declines and increased fatigue as the day progresses.

Furthermore, hydration planning should take into account individual factors such as body weight, sweat rates, and environmental conditions. Skiers should aim to consume around 16-20 ounces of fluid two to three hours before skiing, adjusting this intake according to personal hydration needs and bodily feedback.

Maintaining Hydration Throughout Ski Training Sessions

Staying hydrated during training is a continuous commitment. Skiing demands both stamina and concentration, which can diminish if the body is not adequately hydrated. It is crucial to sip fluids regularly, particularly during breaks. Cold weather can suppress thirst, leading many skiers to underestimate their hydration needs while on the slopes.

Hydration packs can facilitate easy access to fluids, allowing skiers to drink frequently without interrupting their activities. Additionally, warm beverages can be particularly effective in maintaining hydration levels in cold conditions. Skiers often sweat during vigorous runs, and while this may not be immediately apparent in cooler temperatures, it still necessitates timely fluid replenishment.

Regularly checking hydration levels is essential. Skiers should aim to consume water or a sports drink every hour throughout their skiing session. Monitoring urine colour and being attuned to thirst cues can provide valuable insights into hydration status. By adopting these best practices, skiers can effectively maintain hydration levels, ensuring optimal performance every day.

Rehydration Techniques Following Skiing Sessions

Replenishing lost fluids after a day on the slopes is just as crucial as pre-training hydration. Following skiing, the body will have lost substantial amounts of water and electrolytes, making immediate rehydration essential for effective recovery and preparing the body for future training sessions. To kickstart the recovery process, it is recommended to consume water or a sports drink within 30 minutes of finishing skiing.

Incorporating hydrating foods into post-training meals can further enhance recovery. Foods rich in water content, such as fruits and vegetables, can assist in replenishing lost fluids while providing essential nutrients. For instance, options like watermelon, oranges, and cucumbers are excellent choices that significantly contribute to hydration efforts.

Moreover, being attentive to the body's signals during the recovery phase is vital. Signs of dehydration may not be immediately noticeable, so it is wise to continue consuming fluids throughout the evening. A general guideline suggests consuming at least 16-24 ounces of fluid within two hours of completing ski training. This mindful approach to post-training hydration ensures skiers remain hydrated and ready for their next adventure on the slopes.

Techniques for Effectively Monitoring Hydration Levels for Skiers

Monitoring hydration levels is crucial for optimising performance and ensuring safety while skiing. Regularly assessing urine colour serves as one of the simplest yet most effective methods to gauge hydration status. Ideally, urine should be pale yellow; darker shades indicate dehydration and the necessity for increased fluid intake.

Thirst cues should also be addressed promptly. The body's natural urge for fluids is a reliable signal that hydration needs to be met. Skiers must cultivate a habit of drinking fluids regularly, even when they do not feel particularly thirsty.

Keeping track of fluid intake can be immensely helpful for those engaged in rigorous training. Maintaining a hydration log aids athletes in becoming more aware of their drinking habits and consistently meeting their hydration goals. Ultimately, being vigilant about hydration not only boosts performance but also contributes to overall well-being on the slopes.

Varied Hydration Solutions for Skiers: An All-Encompassing Overview

The Indispensable Importance of Water in Ski Training Hydration

Water is the cornerstone of hydration for any ski training programme. Its vital function in maintaining bodily functions, regulating temperature, and transporting nutrients cannot be overstated. For skiers, water should be the primary fluid consumed during training sessions.

While skiing, water supports muscle contractions and helps avert heat-related issues such as overheating, even in colder conditions. Despite the chill, skiers can sweat considerably, especially during intense runs, making water intake critical. It is essential to remember that thirst may not always be a reliable indicator of hydration needs, particularly in cooler climates. Therefore, establishing a routine of regularly drinking water is imperative.

Incorporating water into daily routines can take various forms. Carrying a reusable water bottle or hydration pack provides easy access to fluids while on the slopes. Moreover, setting periodic reminders to drink water can reinforce good hydration habits. By prioritising water intake, skiers can remain well-hydrated, enhancing both their performance and overall enjoyment of skiing.

The Advantages of Sports Drinks for Skiers

Sports drinks offer considerable benefits for skiers engaged in demanding training sessions. Unlike plain water, these beverages supply essential electrolytes and carbohydrates that can help sustain energy levels and improve hydration. Sports drinks can be particularly valuable while skiing, especially in high-altitude environments or during extended training days.

The added electrolytes—sodium, potassium, and magnesium—are critical in maintaining fluid balance and supporting muscle function. As athletes sweat, they lose these vital minerals, which can result in cramping and decreased performance if not replenished adequately. A well-formulated sports drink can mitigate these effects, enabling skiers to maintain peak performance levels.

Choosing the right sports drink is essential. Look for products featuring a balanced ratio of carbohydrates and electrolytes, ensuring they meet your specific needs. For instance, a drink with a higher carbohydrate content during intense training may provide the energy boost necessary for optimal performance. By incorporating sports drinks into their hydration strategy, skiers can enhance their endurance and recovery, making these beverages a valuable asset for training success.

The Practical Advantages of Hydration Packs for Skiers

Hydration packs have transformed the way skiers maintain hydration on the slopes. These convenient devices enable skiers to carry water effortlessly, allowing them to sip fluids without pausing for breaks. Hydration packs come in diverse sizes and configurations, often featuring insulated tubes to keep the water from freezing in cold temperatures.

A key advantage of hydration packs is their ability to encourage consistent fluid intake. Skiers can sip fluids throughout the day, helping to prevent dehydration before it becomes a serious concern. This convenience is especially beneficial during lengthy training sessions or competitions where every moment counts.

For those skiing in varying weather conditions, hydration packs prove invaluable. They are designed to be lightweight and comfortable, allowing skiers to concentrate on their performance without the bulk of carrying traditional bottles. With easy access to fluids, skiers can effectively maintain hydration levels, enhancing their overall experience and performance on the slopes.

The Benefits of Using Electrolyte Tablets

Electrolyte tablets are an excellent addition to conventional hydration methods. These small, portable tablets can be dissolved in water, quickly and efficiently replenishing essential minerals lost through sweat. For skiers, especially those undergoing intense training or skiing at high altitudes, electrolyte tablets can significantly enhance hydration effectiveness.

A primary advantage of electrolyte tablets is their convenience. They are lightweight, easy to transport, and can be added to any drink, making them ideal for on-the-go hydration. In colder climates, where hydration is often neglected, these tablets can serve as a reminder to stay hydrated while providing crucial nutrients.

Furthermore, incorporating electrolyte tablets can help maintain fluid retention in the body. This balance is particularly important for skiers, as it can prevent cramps and support overall muscle function. By including electrolyte tablets in their hydration regimen, skiers can optimise their performance and be fully prepared to tackle any challenges on the slopes.

Hydration Challenges at High Altitudes: Essential Insights for Skiers

Understanding the Impact of Altitude on Hydration Requirements

Skiing at high altitudes presents unique hydration challenges that skiers must address to maintain optimal performance. At elevations exceeding 8,000 feet, atmospheric pressure decreases, resulting in increased fluid loss through respiration. As skiers take deeper breaths to compensate for lower oxygen levels, the body expels more water vapour, dramatically heightening the risk of dehydration.

Moreover, high altitudes can amplify the effects of dehydration. Symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and dizziness can become more pronounced, making it imperative for skiers to closely monitor their hydration status. Skiers training in locations like the Rocky Mountains or the Andes need to be especially diligent regarding fluid intake, as dehydration can lead to reduced performance and a heightened risk of altitude sickness.

Skiers should adopt proactive strategies to counteract the effects of altitude on hydration. Increasing fluid intake before and during training is essential to compensate for fluid loss at higher elevations. Being aware of individual hydration needs becomes increasingly critical to ensure that skiers remain hydrated and ready to face the challenges of high-altitude skiing.

Adapting Hydration Strategies for High Altitude Skiing

Skiers must modify their hydration strategies when training at higher elevations to reflect increased fluid loss. Vigilantly monitoring hydration levels is crucial; skiers should aim to consume more water and electrolyte-rich beverages than they would during training at lower altitudes. A general guideline suggests increasing fluid intake by at least 1-2 litres per day when skiing above 8,000 feet.

Incorporating hydrating foods into meals can significantly complement fluid intake. Nutrient-dense options like fruits, vegetables, and broths can provide hydration while delivering essential nutrients. Additionally, monitoring urine colour and being responsive to thirst cues can effectively guide fluid consumption decisions.

Recognising the signs of altitude-related dehydration is also important. Symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and an increased urge for fluids indicate that the body requires rehydration. By remaining attuned to these signals and adjusting hydration strategies accordingly, skiers can enhance their performance and safety while enjoying the thrill of high-altitude skiing.

Identifying Symptoms of Dehydration at High Altitudes

Recognising the signs of altitude-related dehydration is crucial for skiers aiming to maintain their health and performance on the slopes. Headaches often serve as one of the first indicators that dehydration may be occurring, particularly at high altitudes, where the risk of altitude sickness also exists.

Dizziness and heightened thirst are additional critical signs that skiers should never overlook. As the body loses fluids at an accelerated rate, it sends signals to prompt hydration; acknowledging this cue can prevent further dehydration and its associated risks.

Skiers should also remain vigilant regarding their energy levels. A sudden decline in energy or an unexpected wave of fatigue can suggest that the body is not receiving adequate hydration. This can negatively impact performance, rendering it more challenging to fully enjoy the skiing experience. By paying attention to these symptoms, skiers can take proactive measures to ensure they remain hydrated and well-equipped to meet the challenges posed by high-altitude skiing.

Hydration Difficulties in Cold Weather Skiing

Recognising the Challenges of Staying Hydrated in Cold Conditions

Cold weather presents deceptive hydration challenges for skiers. The chill in the air often suppresses the thirst response, leading many to underestimate their fluid requirements. This discrepancy can result in dehydration, even when temperatures are low. Skiers may not feel the same compulsion to drink as they would in warmer conditions, making it essential to establish a comprehensive hydration plan.

The body’s physiological response to cold weather can also exacerbate fluid loss. When exposed to cold conditions, the body may enter a state of vasoconstriction to conserve heat, resulting in increased fluid loss through respiration. This phenomenon can go unnoticed, leaving skiers vulnerable to dehydration while they concentrate on navigating the slopes.

To mitigate these challenges, skiers must implement regular hydration breaks throughout the day. Carrying insulated water bottles can ensure that fluids remain accessible and at a drinkable temperature. Skiers should also aim to consume hydrating foods such as soups or stews to help meet hydration needs in colder weather.

Ensuring Rapid Access to Fluids During Cold Weather Training

Ensuring that fluids are readily available is critical for maintaining hydration during cold-weather training. Insulated containers can prevent drinks from freezing, making it easier for skiers to take quick sips without lengthy interruptions. Finding solutions that allow for fast hydration is vital, especially during training sessions that require concentration and energy.

Incorporating a hydration pack provides another practical solution. These packs enable skiers to drink fluids hands-free, promoting consistent hydration throughout the day. Many hydration packs come equipped with insulated tubes, helping to maintain the temperature of the drink despite the cold environment.

Planning for hydration in cold weather is essential. Skiers should create a hydration schedule and take regular sips even when not feeling thirsty. This proactive approach can prevent dehydration and ensure that skiers remain energised and focused on their training and the enjoyment of the slopes.

Monitoring Hydration Levels in Cold Conditions

Monitoring hydration levels in cold weather is particularly crucial, as the subtle signs of dehydration can be easily overlooked. Skiers should routinely check their urine colour, aiming for a pale yellow shade that indicates adequate hydration. If the urine appears darker, it is clear that hydration efforts must be intensified.

Moreover, skiers should be attentive to their bodies’ signals. Increased thirst, fatigue, or headaches indicate that hydration is lacking. It is vital to consume fluids even when the urge to do so isn’t apparent, as cold weather can mask the need for hydration.

Another effective strategy is to maintain a hydration log to track fluid intake throughout the day. This practice can provide valuable insights into patterns and help skiers identify when to increase fluid consumption. By remaining diligent about hydration, skiers can overcome cold-weather challenges and maintain high performance levels.

The Critical Role of Electrolytes in Cold-Weather Hydration

Electrolytes are essential for maintaining hydration and muscle function, particularly in cold conditions. While skiers may not sweat as much in colder weather, they still lose electrolytes through respiration and other activities. As a result, maintaining an adequate balance of these essential minerals becomes even more crucial.

Incorporating electrolyte-rich drinks into hydration routines can help skiers effectively replenish lost minerals. This is especially vital if athletes are training for extended periods, as the cumulative effect of electrolyte loss can lead to cramping and fatigue.

Additionally, skiers should consider using electrolyte tablets mixed with water. These tablets provide a quick and convenient way to boost electrolyte levels while ensuring hydration. This approach is particularly beneficial when skiing in colder environments, helping to ensure muscle function and hydration levels are maintained throughout training sessions.

Structured Hydration Strategies for Cold Weather Skiing

Creating a structured hydration strategy for cold-weather training can significantly enhance slope performance and safety. Skiers should plan hydration breaks and schedule regular intervals for fluid intake. This routine helps counteract the tendency to overlook thirst in cold conditions.

Carrying sufficient fluids is also critical. Whether using hydration packs or insulated bottles, skiers should ensure they have access to fluids throughout their training. Additionally, incorporating hydrating foods, such as fruits or soups, can effectively support hydration efforts.

Utilising warm beverages can enhance the appeal of hydration in colder weather. Hot teas or broths can offer a comforting way to consume fluids while providing additional nutrients. By planning ahead and remaining mindful of hydration needs, skiers can successfully navigate cold-weather challenges while maintaining optimal performance levels.

The Relationship Between Hydration and Nutrition for Skiers

The Link Between Hydration and Energy Levels

Proper hydration directly influences energy levels and is crucial for sustaining performance during ski training. When adequately hydrated, the body operates more efficiently, allowing muscles to function effectively. Conversely, dehydration can lead to fatigue and decreased stamina, significantly impairing performance on the slopes.

Incorporating hydration strategies into nutritional plans can enhance overall energy levels. Pairing hydration with carbohydrate-rich foods prior to skiing can provide a quick energy source, enabling skiers to maintain focus and performance throughout their training sessions.

Acknowledging that hydration needs can fluctuate based on nutritional intake is vital. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can improve hydration. Foods high in water content, such as cucumbers and oranges, can contribute to overall fluid intake while providing essential nutrients that support energy production.

Being mindful of hydration during meals is essential for optimal performance. Skiers should aim to drink water or electrolyte-rich beverages alongside their meals to promote adequate hydration levels. By prioritising hydration in tandem with nutrition, skiers can ensure they are well-fuelled for their training sessions, maximising their performance on the slopes.

Integrating Hydrating Foods into Ski Training Diets

Incorporating water-rich foods into meals can be an effective strategy for supporting overall hydration. Numerous fruits and vegetables contain significant water content, making them ideal choices for skiers aiming for optimal hydration. Foods such as watermelon, strawberries, and cucumbers can substantially increase daily fluid intake.

Moreover, nutrient-dense foods can enhance hydration efforts. Foods rich in electrolytes, like bananas, oranges, and spinach, help replenish lost minerals and contribute to overall hydration. Including these foods in pre-training meals can set the stage for optimal performance.

Experienced skiers often plan their meals around hydration needs, ensuring they consume a variety of hydrating foods. Smoothies, soups, and salads can serve as excellent meal options, providing both hydration and essential nutrients. By adopting a comprehensive approach to hydration and nutrition, skiers can optimise their training sessions while also supporting their overall health.

Maintaining Electrolyte Balance for Maximum Performance

Maintaining an appropriate balance of electrolytes is crucial for skiers to prevent cramps and support muscle function. Essential electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium are lost through sweat and must be replenished regularly, particularly during intense training sessions.

Skiers should aim to incorporate electrolyte-rich foods into their diets. Foods such as nuts, seeds, and dairy products can provide essential minerals that help maintain fluid balance in the body. Additionally, sports drinks and electrolyte tablets can complement dietary intake, ensuring that electrolyte levels remain stable.

Monitoring hydration levels is vital for maintaining electrolyte balance. Skiers should be vigilant about fluid intake and recognise signs of dehydration or electrolyte depletion, such as muscle cramps and fatigue. By paying close attention to both hydration and nutrition, skiers can maximise their performance while minimising the risk of injuries on the slopes.

Practical Strategies for Monitoring Hydration

Using Urine Colour as a Gauge of Hydration

Monitoring urine colour is one of the simplest yet most effective methods for assessing hydration levels. Aiming for urine that is pale yellow indicates proper hydration, while darker shades suggest an increased need for fluid intake. This method is particularly useful for skiers, providing a quick visual cue that can be easily checked during training.

Skiers should develop a habit of checking urine colour at various points throughout the day, not just after training. This practice can help establish a baseline for personal hydration needs and reinforce healthy hydration habits.

Additionally, skiers should be aware that certain factors, such as diet and supplements, can influence urine colour. Some vitamins can cause brighter urine, while foods like beets may temporarily alter its hue. It is crucial to consider these variables when evaluating hydration status.

Understanding Thirst Cues for Effective Hydration Management

Thirst cues should never be underestimated, as they represent the body’s natural signal for hydration. Promptly responding to feelings of thirst is essential for maintaining optimal hydration levels, especially during rigorous ski training.

Skiers should practice drinking fluids consistently, even if they do not feel thirsty. This proactive approach can help prevent dehydration, particularly in cold weather where thirst may be suppressed. Establishing a hydration schedule can reinforce the habit of consuming fluids regularly throughout the day.

Furthermore, tracking overall fluid intake can offer insights into hydration habits. Keeping a log of fluid consumption can help skiers identify patterns and areas for improvement. By remaining attentive to thirst cues and establishing strong hydration habits, skiers can enhance their performance and safety while on the slopes.

Frequently Asked Questions About Hydration in Skiing

What is the recommended water intake before skiing?

To ensure optimal hydration, aim to drink 16-20 ounces of water or sports drinks two to three hours prior to skiing.

What are the common signs of dehydration while skiing?

Dark urine, heightened thirst, headaches, and fatigue are common indicators of dehydration. Monitoring these symptoms during training is essential.

Should I consume sports drinks while skiing?

Yes, sports drinks can be beneficial during skiing. They provide essential electrolytes and carbohydrates, helping to maintain hydration and energy levels.

How often should I hydrate during skiing sessions?

Skiers should aim to drink fluids at regular intervals, approximately every 30-60 minutes, particularly during breaks.

Which hydrating foods should I include in my skiing meals?

To enhance hydration, incorporate water-rich foods such as fruits (e.g., watermelon, oranges) and vegetables (e.g., cucumbers, leafy greens) into meals.

Can I solely rely on thirst to determine my hydration needs while skiing?

While thirst is a useful indicator, it is advisable to proactively monitor hydration levels and drink fluids regularly, especially in cold weather.

How does altitude impact hydration needs while skiing?

The body loses fluid more rapidly at higher altitudes, necessitating increased hydration efforts. Aim to drink more water and electrolyte-rich fluids when skiing at elevation.

What are the best strategies for staying hydrated in cold weather?

To ensure easy access to fluids during cold-weather training, use insulated water bottles, consume warm fluids, and carry hydration packs.

What is the significance of electrolytes in hydration?

Electrolytes are vital for maintaining fluid balance, muscle function, and preventing cramps. Regularly replenishing electrolytes can enhance the effectiveness of hydration.

How can I effectively monitor my hydration status?

To ensure optimal hydration throughout the day, regularly check urine colour, respond to thirst cues, and maintain a log of fluid intake.

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